认罪认罚从宽制度的体系性反思与建构

虽然认罪认罚从宽制度是在我国《刑事诉讼法》中得以正式确立的,但《刑事诉讼法》中涉及此制度的具体规定又都是操作层面的。据此,认罪认罚从宽制度的合理性并不能得以阐释。而依据我国《刑法》,对认罪认罚从宽制度的合理性则可以从形式逻辑、实质逻辑以及价值理念三个维度予以充分证成。由此可知,认罪认罚从宽制度本质上系《刑法》中的一种刑罚裁量制度,认罪认罚本质上是法定的从宽量刑情节。在定罪层面,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人只需自愿承认不法事实系其所为,即构成"认罪",而无需准确评价自身行为的法律性质并准确识别具体罪名;在量刑层面,"认罚"考察的重点是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的悔罪态度和悔罪表现。应当通过刑法立法的方式将认罪认罚从宽制度与自首制度、坦白制度部分重叠地整合在一起,以避免"概念混同""重复评价"的错误倾向。

Systematic Reflection and Construction of the System of the Leniency of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment

Although the system of the leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment has been formally established in the criminal procedure law,the specific provisions of this system are all operational,and the rationality of the system of the leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment can not be explained according to these provisions.However,the rationality of the system of the leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment can be proved fully according to criminal law from three dimensions:formal logic,substantive logic and value concept.It can be seen from this that the system of the leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment is essentially a kind of penalty discretion system in the criminal law,and pleading guilty and accepting punishment are essentially statutory lenient circumstances.At the level of conviction,the criminal suspects or defendants only needs to admit the illegal facts voluntarily,which constitutes"pleading guilty",without accurately evaluating the legal nature of his behavior and accurately identifying specific charges;at the level of sentencing,"accepting punishment"focuses on the attitude and performance of repentance of the criminal suspects or defendants.In order to avoid the wrong tendency of"concept confusion"and"repeated evaluation",the systems of the leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment,surrender and confession should be integrated to the extent of partial overlapping by means of criminal law legislation.