破坏环境资源保护罪的构成特征探究

破坏环境资源保护罪是新《刑法》增设的一类犯罪。其侵犯的客体是国家对环境资源保护的管理制度。其客观方面不仅包括举动犯、结果犯, 而且还应当包括危险犯这一新的犯罪形态。就因果关系而言,笔者不赞成对本类犯罪的认定采取有罪推定的方法,而赞成采取国外的“流行病学”的证明方法,即“根据流行病学的方法去认识某种物质所造成的某种危害的必然性,再加上动物实验数据,并备有其他必然性的补充资料,就可以充分断定因果关系了”。关于本类犯罪的主体,笔者认为国家也可以成为国际环境犯罪的主体。在主观罪过方面,笔者不主张在我国对于此类犯罪引进无过失责任。

On Characteristics of Constitution of Crime Against Environmental Resources

Crime against environmental resources is a type of crime added to China’s new Criminal Act (1997), which is offensive to the state administration of environmental resources. As to the objective aspect of the crime, it encompasses not only behavioral offense and consequential offense, but also a mew type of crime, i.e. potential damage offense. In terms of its causation, this author is opposed to the presumption that the perpetrator is guilty. Rather, this author agrees to the epidemiology method that prevails outside China, i.e. “by means of epidemiological methods, the certainty of impairment resulting from some substance and the data of experiments on animals, in addition to other necessarily supplementary materials, can sufficiently determine the causation.” In consideration of the perpetrators of the crime, this author maintains that a state government may be deemed a perpetrator of a crime against international environmental resources. As to the subjective fault related to this type of crime, in this author’s opinion, no-fault liability should not be introduced into China.