对受贿罪若干问题的反思与重构——以《联合国反腐败公约》为视角

根据刑法理论关于犯罪客体必须揭示犯罪本质的要求,将受贿罪客体界定为“国家的廉政制度”,不仅能准确揭示受贿罪的本质属性,高度概括出各种受贿行为的社会危害性,而且能反映受贿罪主体的心理特征,避免其他观点无法克服的矛盾;从反腐败的需要出发,结合我国国情和《联合国反腐败公约》的规定,在修订《刑法》时,将贿赂的范围扩大为财物和财产性利益,不仅必要,而且可行;对“为他人谋取利益”在受贿罪中的定位,理论界存有争议,也困惑着司法实践,重构受贿罪条文,以利用职务上的便利索取或非法收受贿赂作为定罪要件,将“为他人谋取利益”作为量刑情节,既增强了立法的科学性,又符合刑法理论,更有利于惩治和预防贿赂犯罪。

Reconsideration of Problems Related to Bribe-taking: Viewing from the Angle of the U.N. Convention Against Corruption

In accordance with criminal law theories,the object of a crime must reflect the crime's essence.Thus,to define the "institution of incorrupt government" as the object of bribe-taking not only indicates a corruptive act's essence and reveals its harm to society,but also reflects the psychological features of those who take bribery and avoids the conflicts inherent in other positions.To fight against corruption and adapt China's situation to the provisions of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption,this author maintains that it is necessary and available for us to extend the range of the offense and let property and substantial favor fall within the range of bribery.How to determine the role of "obtaining profit for others" in bribery cases is highly controversial,both in logic and in judicial practice.While amending criminal law,we should take corrupt payment or receipt of a private favor for official action as the requirement for conviction of bribery and take into account "obtaining profit for others" while inflicting punishment,which,according to this author,enriches the scientific contents of legislation,complies with criminal law theories and is conducive to the prevention and retribution of bribery.