布卢姆认知领域教育目标分类理论评析

生物学上动植物分类学的理论为布卢姆构造其认知领域教育目标分类理论提供了借鉴。根据人的认知目标是从识记相对简单的知识到非常抽象的思维这样一个渐进过程,布卢姆把教育的认知目标分为六大主类（识记、领会、应用、分析、综合及评价）以及其它亚类。这种理论被证明“对研究和教学两方面都是相当有用的”。但由于布卢姆认知目标分类理论不是认识过程的先后层次,不是行为发展的过程,没有揭示出能力形成的内在机制,也缺乏学习理论的指导,导致了教育实践中的诸多困惑。我们应对布卢姆理论进行深刻的反思,立足本国实际,构建本土的教育目标分类理论。

Comment on Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for the Cognitive Domain

The biological taxonomy is the inspiration for Bloom's theory on Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for the Cognitive Domain.According to the cognitive goals ranging from the relatively concrete intellectual skills to the very abstract thought,Bloom divided the cognitive objectives of instruction into six main classes(knowledge,comprehension,application,analysis,synthesis and evaluation)as well as several sub classes.This theory has its own advantages and has been proved"useful for both research and teaching". However,it has branght forth many difficulties to teaching and learning.Therefore,people are trying their best to reconstruct a more ideal theory on taxonomy of educational objectives.