人格立法之时代性与人格权的权利内质

法律人格是时代背景的产物，时代背景的变化必然要求变革人格立法以满足权利主体的正当性需求。以罗马法为代表的人格立法向以《法国民法典》等为代表的人格立法的发展，确立了以人之生命的保全和促进为目的的伦理性法律人格制度。这种法律上对人的伦理关怀，在遭遇现代科技特别是生命科技等因素的时候，使得单纯以生命的保全和促进为目的的人格立法不再与人的实现这一法律命令相一致。于此，个体主张其享有的人格权不应仅限于防御性的权利而应内涵积极请求权的特质。一方面，德国等国的法律实践对此态度犹豫不决，另一方面，现实生活中的个体因为其正当性权利要求得不到法律上的支持而陷入困境之中。因此，必须适时承认个体的这种权利主张以满足人之实现的法律命令。

Background of Personality Legislation and Legal Interpretation of Personality Right

Legal personality appears as the times change,which accordingly requires changes in personality legislation to meet legitimate demands of the subject of right.The development of personality legislation from that in Roman law to that in French Civil Code sets up the ethic personality system which aims at protecting and promoting the safety of individual’s lives.However,when this ethic system in law encounters modern technologies,especially life sciences in the new era,the personality legislation with the purpose of protecting and promoting the safety of individual’s lives then becomes inconsistent with the legal order that individuals should achieve self-actualization.In light of this,the personality right enjoyed by individuals should not be limited to defensive rights;it should cover the nature of positive rights to petition.On the one hand,German’s legal practice is uncertain about this and on the other hand,individuals in the society are troubled by the incapability of law to support them in safeguarding their legitimate rights.Therefore,individuals’ calling for including positive rights to petition in personality right should be acknowledged to comply with the legal order that individuals should achieve self-actualization.