“程序公正感受”研究及其启示

从 #" 世纪 ’" 年代开始，西方学者对程序公正的研究从伦理哲学分析转向社会心理学分析，试图揭示程序公正的心理规律。研究发现：程序公正的要素并没有绝对标准，具有一定的情境敏感性；不过，程序公正在促进人们接受法律、法律决定和从事积极行为等方面具有比结果公正更为重要的地位，这种现象甚至具有跨越文化、种族、性别的普遍性。为了对此进行解释，西方学者提出了发言权理论、团体价值理论、人际关系理论和公正启发理论等模式，各自都具有一定的解释力。不过，程序公正也有可能成为社会权威转移真实矛盾“欺骗”社会成员的统治策略。对于转型期的我国，程序公正感受研究带给我们的不是其具体的结论，而是告诉我们，研究公正问题时，应当抛开宏大话语，努力探寻中国人心目中的公正观。

Research on Perceptions of Procedure Justice and Its Implications

The western scholars’ research about procedure justice had transformed from philosophy ethical studies into social psychological studies and attempted to find the psychological rules in procedural fairness from 1970s.According to the results of such studies,procedure justice had some character of context sensitivity.Research found that procedural justice had more effect on people’s acceptation of law and legal decisions than outcome fairness.And such findings had been proved true across different cultures,ethnicities and gender.In order to explain such phenomena,the western scholars had put forward theories such as voice opportunity theory,group value theory,relational theory and fairness heuristic theory.All had in some perspective made a success.But procedural justice also could be used as ruling strategy to "deceive" the people to put their eyes from the real injustice.As to transforming period China,such studies not only can be do great help to solve social conflicts but also tell us how to study the Chinese perceptions of justice.