金融危机的应对:以日本银行业金融机构破产处理法律为例

伴随着泡沫经济崩溃金融系统问题爆发,日本经历了从出台特例措施应对金融机构个别破产事件,到制定和完善法律,以使金融机构破产处理走向制度化的过程。通过完善存款保险金制度,充实资金援助机制,确立金融整顿管财人、继承银行等金融机构破产处理的常规措施和专门的金融危机应对措施,《存款保险法》使金融机构破产处理制度得以恒久化;而《金融机构重组程序特例法》为行政处理手法之外,提供了金融机构破产处理的司法程序。这些制度适应了金融机构破产处理措施所要求的尽早预防、业务继续、保护存款人、集团处理以及责任追及等特性,显示日本金融机构破产处理法制已基本完善。

Financial Crisis Countermeasures: Legal Researches on Japanese Financial Institutions Bankruptcy

With the collapse of bubble economy and financial crisis,Japan has gone through the process: from enacted special measures deal with bankruptcy of individual financial institution to enacted and revised law in order to deal with the financial crisis.By improving deposit insurance system,enriching financial assistance,establishing general measures for disposing of financial institution bankruptcy and financial crisis,permanent measures in Deposit Insurance Act were formulated for dealing with financial institution bankruptcy.In addition to administrative procedure,judicial procedure was enacted in Act on special measures concerning financial institution reorganization.These kinds of measures accord with the characters of financial institution bankruptcy system: prevention,business continuance,depositor protection,group management and responsibility investigation and show that legal framework of Japanese financial institutions bankruptcy is almost perfect.