19世纪中后期以来国外艺术人类学研究述评

国外艺术人类学研究的滥觞期大致可上溯到19世纪中后期,与作为其主体学科的文化人类学的发展历程联系密切。西方学者在人类学视野、理念指导下所进行的艺术研究按照其立场取向的不同可归纳为艺术审美的、社会学的、文化学的3种类型,呈现出审美艺术还原和社会文化还原的学术旨归。其研究对象范围的确定及立场取向的变迁表征了一种自觉趋近于社会思潮背景及现实生活的学术姿态,并客观地对国外学界在该领域基本限于个案阐论而较少学科理论建树的总体研究状况负责。

A Summary of the Development of the Anthropology of Art since the Late Middle Period of the 19th Century

The anthropology of art emerged about the late middle period of the 19th century and was closely related to the development of cultural anthropology which was regarded as a main discipline.Under the guidance of anthropology,Western scholars in this field have adopted three approaches,that is,the artistic and aesthetical orientation,the sociological orientation and culturological orientation.Their academic interest determines their objects of studies and their changes of approaches reveal an academic attitude that consciously reflects the social trends of thought and the reality and reveals their focus on case studies rather than on a comprehensive disciplinary construction.