后UNCLOS时期国际海洋渔业资源法律制度分析与展望

后UNCLOS时期的海洋渔业资源保护法律制度是在总可捕量制度为原则的基础上建立起来的;全球性和区域性渔业公约的制定为总可捕量制度的实施提供了具体法律保障;区域渔业组织是实施总可捕量制度的中坚力量。这一时期制度有如下特点：法律形式多样;以多种手段保障下的产出式控制管理为主;公海渔业保护的国际合作继续深化;执行标准逐步细化量化;责任制渔业和生态系管理成为未来法律制定的主要理念。制度的主要制约因素：规避共同的养护义务是影响制度有效实施的总根源;缺乏统一的分配标准;公海执法有待深入。未来制度走势：区域渔业管理以及在此基础上的联合执法机制是未来世界渔业管理的主流模式;科学确定总可捕量、制定公正的分配标准以及对非成员国的捕捞规制等问题是未来制度发展过程中亟须攻克的重点和难点。

Analysis and Forecast about International Protection Laws of Fishery Resource after the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

The legal system of the marine fishery resources protection is established on the basis of the total allowable catch system after the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which is a framework and principles of the legal system. In this period, the formulation of global and regional fisheries conventions pro-vides specific legal protection for the implementation of the total allowable catch system. Regional fisheries organizations are the backbone of the implement of the total allowable catch system. The Features of legal system：various means to protect the output control management are carried out;Regional international cooperations in high seas fisheries continue to deepen;execution standards are gradually enhanced specified;the responsibility of fisheries and ecosystem management makes the main concept of the future law-making. Forecast：the deepening of cooperation between fisheries organizations and strengthen joint enforcement mechanism is the focus of system development trends in the future ; science to determine the total allowable catch, equitable distribution mechanism, fisheries management for non-member countries, are the key and difficult points urgently to be overcome in the future.