用人民权利制约政府权力──孙中山的人民监督思想初探

本文将孙中山的人民监督思想概括为两个方面：一是在权力的归属及人民与政府官吏之间的关系上,主张“主权属于国民之全体”,“人民为一国之主,官吏不过为人民之仆,当受人民之监督制裁”,确立了人民监督的理论前提;二是设计了人民监督的理想模式,主张用人民的四个“政权”（选举权、罢免权、创制权、复决权）来管理政府的五个“治权”（行政权、立法权、司法权、考试权、监察权）,以实现“政府的动作随时受人民指挥”。

Using the People's Right to Restrict the Government's Power -A Preliminary Exploration on Sum Yat-sen's Thought of People Supervision

Sun Yat-sen's thoughts of people supervision are summarized into two aspects: one is that Sun Yat-sen claimed that "Sovereignty belongs to all of the people", which established the theoretical precondition of people supervision. The other is that he devised the ideal mode of peo- ple supervision and claimed that using the people's four rights (vote, recall, organization system, review ) to manage the government's five kinds of power (administration, legislation, judicature, examination, supervise) so as to realize that "the government's behavior should he commanded by the people at any moment".