美国加征关税的国内法与国际法规则运用冲突研究

在全球经济增长放缓的背景下,加征关税已经成为国家间贸易摩擦的重要形式。自2016年以来,美国不断增加对中国加征关税的额度,加征关税的法律依据也更加多样化。美国加征关税的法律依据主要分为针对不公平贸易行为、保障措施和国家安全例外三大类型。美国加征关税的国内法与国际法规则运用存在长期冲突,根源在于美国加征关税立法上确立的美国法优先原则,这将对今后国际贸易体系的改革和发展产生重大阻力。

on the Conflict of Rules Application Between Domestic Law and International Law of Tariff in the United States

Against the background of global economic slowdown,the imposition of tariffs has become an important form of trade friction between countries,which should be paid attention to. Since 2016,the US has been increasing the amount of additional tariffs on China,and the legal basis for such tariffs is more diversified. The legal basis for imposing tariffs under the US law is mainly divided into three types: unfair trade actions,safeguard measures and national security exceptions. There is a long-term conflict between the domestic law of the United States imposing tariffs and the rules of free trade under international law,which is rooted in the principle priority of American law established in the legislation of the United States imposing tariffs. This principle will produce significant resistance to the reform and development of the international trading system in the future.