远程审判的程序正当性考察——以交往行为理论为视角

目前来看,远程审判具有实践上的正当性,而欠缺历史的正当性,在形式正当性上也不完备。我们考察远程审判的正当性时,应超越形式的正当性标准,而深入到实质正当性的层面。在实质正当性的层面,又要超越实践正当性与历史正当性的分歧,而在纯粹正当性层面来进行分析。由于诉讼在本质上乃是法律世界的主体化解异议的交往行为,因此我们应从交往行为所依赖的理想言谈情境出发,来分析远程审判的程序正当性问题。理想言谈情境要求主体的言语行为符合四个有效性要件,根据这四个有效性要件,我们可以建立诉讼程序的纯粹正当性标准。以此标准进行衡量,远程审判在程序上大体符合纯粹正当性的要求,但是也有个别具体障碍需要消除。

Procedural Justification of Remote Trials--From the Perspective of the Theory of Communicative Action

At present,the remote trial has legitimacy in practice,but lacks historical legitimacy,and is incomplete in formal legitimacy. When examining the legitimacy of remote trials,we should go beyond the formal legitimacy standards and go deeper into the substantive legitimacy level. At the level of substantial legitimacy,it is necessary to transcend the differences between practical legitimacy and historical legitimacy,and analyze at the level of pure legitimacy. Since litigation is essentially the communicative action of the subject in the legal world,we should start from the ideal speech situation on which the communication relies to analyze the procedural legitimacy of remote trials. The ideal speech situation requires the subject ’ s speech behavior to meet the four validity requirements.According to these four validity requirements,we can establish the standard of pure legitimacy of the litigation procedure. Measured by this standard, the remote trial procedure generally meets the requirements of pure legitimacy. However,there are some specific obstacles that need to be removed.