马克思的劳动观点在政治哲学建构中的作用

人类维持生存的物质劳动是永恒的自然必然性,而劳动又处于历史变化之中,在文明时代劳动的不同历史阶段,有不同的国家、法和意识形态。马克思用这种历史唯物主义代替了寻求形而上的永恒正义国家的旧哲学。资产阶级政治经济学以商品交换关系的自由、平等论证资本赢利的公正性,论证资本主义制度的永恒正义性,马克思则用生产劳动说明交换,提出了系统的劳动学说,发现了资本剥削的秘密,指出了资本主义自由、平等的形式性,批判了拜物教的意识形态。晚期资本主义虽然表现出不同于自由资本主义的某些新特点,但依然处于以物的依赖性为基础的人的独立性阶段,马克思的劳动观点仍然具有当代价值。

The Role of Marx''''s Viewpoint of Labor in the Construction of Political Philosophy

Material-gaining labor for human survival reveals its natural and everlasting inevitability;however,labor is changing in history.In different phases of productive labor of the civilized times,there are different countries,laws and ideologies.Marx's viewpoint of labor replaces the traditional philosophy seeking the metaphysical eternal justice in a country.Bourgeois political economy demonstrates the eternal justice of the capitalist system and of gaining profits based on the liberty and equality of the commodity-exchange relation,while Marx explains that production determines exchange and puts forward the systematic theory of labor,which reveals the secret of capital exploitation and the superficial liberty and equality of capitalism and criticizes the fetishistic ideology.Although the later capitalism shows some new characteristics differing from liberal capitalism,human independence still remains at the stage of relying on materials;therefore,Marx's viewpoint of labor still has its contemporary value.