THE ADMINISTRATION OF EARLY MEDIEVAL ENGLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NORTHUMBERLAND

The administrative system of England after the Norman Conquest has been described as "the adaptation of the ancient customary institutions of a decentralized system to the uses of the Norman and Angevin kings'] highly centralized administration".¹ It was complex, adaptable, efficient to a high degree, and constantly changing. It had only a few of the features of a modern bureaucracy, as "government" to the medieval man did not imply anything resembling the modern state and its workings. It meant the practical expression of the rights owed to the king by his subjects and the duties of the king to his people. Its chief functions were the raising of finance and the administration of justice.