马克思主义公有制理论与新时代中国社会主义公有制的新形式

马克思、恩格斯后来大大拓展了《共产党宣言》中的公有制理论,他们不仅寄希望于工人在必要时用暴力夺取国家政权,也寄希望于发达国家的工人用和平手段达到自己的目的,并认为在发达国家"旧社会可能和平地长入新社会"。他们注重经过社会所有制达到共产主义。在《资本论》中,马克思提出"重新建立个人所有制"的设想,认为资本主义将被自己内部的社会主义因素自我否定,社会主义公有制由此而产生。当前中国的一种新的公有制形式正在蓬勃发展,民营企业中许多股份制企业表现出新公有制特征,它们不仅率先实行现代企业制度,且职工人人持股。它们对生产资料占有方式和对企业利润的分配基本公正,职工的劳动价值得到体现。随着改革的深化、市场经济的健全,更多的新公有制企业将会成长起来。同时,广大农民随着产权的改革与落实,会在新的合作过程中建立新的公有制。新时代,新公有制与社会主义有着广阔前景。

Marxist Theory of Public Ownership and the New Form of Chinese Socialist Public Ownership in the New Era

Marx and Engels later greatly extended the theory of public ownership in The Communist Manifesto. They pin their hopes not only on the workers’ taking over state power through violence in times of necessity, but also on the workers’ achieving their aims with peaceful means in advanced countries. In addition, they believe that "the old society may develop peacefully into the new one" in advanced countries. They emphasize to reach communism through social ownership. In Capital, Marx raises the idea to "re-establish private property" and argue that capitalism will be negated by its own internal socialist elements to entail socialist public ownership. A new type of public ownership is thriving in contemporary China. Many shareholding companies in the private sector feature new public ownership. They not only take the lead in establishing modern enterprise system, but also make every employee a shareholder. They are basically just in the ownership of means of production and the distribution of corporate profits. The employees’ value of labor is embodied. With the reform deepened and the market economy improved, more firms of new public ownership will grow. At the same time, farmers will establish new public ownership in the new process of cooperation as property rights are reformed and implemented. In the new era, new public ownership and socialism have a bright future.