“寄居蟹的艺术”:体制内社会组织的环境适应策略——对天津市两个省级组织的个案研究

我国社会组织面临着合法性和经济资源的双重困境,并缺乏自主性,似乎是一个不争的事实。不过,对天津市两个省级体制内社会组织的个案调查,却在一定程度上发现了与之相反(而并不矛盾)的特殊事实。为了重构这两个组织获得合法性和经济资源及其一定的自主性的特殊逻辑,本文首先对组织社会学的资源依赖理论和新制度主义进行了综合分析,并建立了体制内社会组织对国家-社会的合法性与经济资源的双重依赖的分析框架;然后,重构了两个个案对国家与社会的双重依赖格局,特别是揭示了其平衡这一依赖的相关策略。缺乏社会基础的体制内社会组织凭借和利用国家的特殊合法性支持而进入到社会领域中以汲取资源的相关策略,被称为"寄居蟹的艺术"。本文作为一项个案研究,其分析有利于提出研究假设,而其结论不能直接普遍化。

"Arts of Hermit Crab":Environmental Adaptation Strategies of Within-the-Regime Social Organizations——A Case Study of Two Provincial Level Social Organizations in Tianjin

Literature has paid little attention to the agent role of social organizations(especially ones within the regime).Based on the synthetic perspectives of resource dependence theory and institutionalism theory,a case study of two within-the-regime social organizations in Tianjin is conducted in this paper and shows that both have dual dependences on the legitimacy and economic resources from the state and society,and they control or balance over those dependences with multiple strategies.Those within-the-regime social organizations without social base depend on particular legitimacy so as to enter into the society and secure the resources,and this strategy can be called as "arts of Hermit crab".The conclusion of the paper is useful to form hypotheses,but cannot be generalized directly.