我国无证搜查制度法理之构建——《刑事诉讼法》第111条第二款质疑

《刑事诉讼法》第111条第二款"在执行逮捕、拘留的时候,遇有紧急情况,不另用搜查证也可以进行搜查"的规定,含义比较模糊,可作"重叠式"和"并列式"两种理解。从目前实务运作和立法用语表达习惯来看,"重叠式"理解比"并列式"理解合理。但如果作"重叠式"理解,第二款在三个方面违背了有关搜查制度预设的基本法理。构建我国无证搜查制度的基本法理,对抑止搜查权力滥用和发挥搜查权力的应有效能势所必然。应明确无证搜查的种类,同时将必要性要件、可能性要件和适度性要件作为无证搜查合法实施的构成要件及认定标准。

An Argumentation on Construction of Legal Principle of Warrantless Search in China --Oppugnation on the 2nd Item of Article 111 in Criminal Procedure Law

The 2nd Item of Article 111 in Criminal Procedure Law "while an arrest or a detain being carried out, because of an emergency, a Warrantless Search is permissible ", the meaning of this item is ambiguous, and can be understood in two ways: Superposition and Juxtaposition. According to the practical operation and expression of legislative terms at present, Superposition is more reasonable than Juxtaposition. But if this item is understood as Superposition, it will deviate from the fundamental legal principle search system based on at the three aspects. It is necessary to construct the basic legal principle on Warrantless Search system of China, which can restrain the abuse of searching power and bring into playing its original function. We should make the categories of Warrantless Search clear, and at the same time put necessity, feasibility and moderation as the necessary components conditions and criteria in the implementation of a legal Warrantless Search.