司法实践中伪造、变造国家机关公文、证件、印章罪若干问题研究

我国《刑法》伪造、变造、买卖国家机关公文、证件、印章罪的描述是简单罪状，并没有就该罪的法定构成要件进行具体规定。另外，因为证件、印章与公众的社会生活息息相关，求学、入职、考试等皆有广泛的需求市场，这必然导致该罪的危害行为和表现方式多种多样，日趋复杂化，也增强了司法实践中认定的难度。我们应在充分分析本罪构成要件的理论基础上，进一步从定性和定量角度界定本罪的罪与非罪，并且结合司法实务，探讨本罪在司法实践中的难题。

On the Crimes of Forging or Altering Official Documents,Certificates or Seals in Judicial Practice

Forging, altering, trading official documents, certificates and seal are the crimes only listed in the Criminal Law without specification and the constitutive requirement of these crimes are not specified. More over, due to the certificates and seals are widely demanded in attending school, job hunting and examinations, which inevitably increases the diversification and complicatedness of such crimes, as well as the difficulty of ju dicial confirmation. Based on ample analysis of the constitutive requirements of the crime, the present study probes into these problems in judicial practice from the aspects of qualitative and quantitative approach.