论诚信原则在民事执行中的衡平意义

诚实信用原则是现代法赋予法官在法律适用中追求具体社会公正而解释或弥补法律疏漏的重要依据。我国应当把这一原则引入民事诉讼特别是民事执行中。程序法定主义的特征决定了民事诉讼法的形式性,然而民事诉讼法的形式性绝非意味着它放弃对实质正义的追求。运用诚信原则补充、限制和协调具体规范的漏洞或规范的僵化应用,以保证法律适用的准确性和妥当性,既是法官的权力,也是法官的义务。代位执行规则的目的是为了保障申请执行人的债权利益,执行异议制度则是为了避免第三人的财产遭受不当的强制执行,两者都是为了法律的公平和正义的实现,然而对第三人的异议不加审查就盲目地赋予其终止执行的法律效果,很可能背离正义的方向。因此,在现有制度框架下,将诚信原则作为第三人异议是否具有正当性的评价基准,应是司法公正的必然要求。

A Discussion on the Equitable Meaning of Credit Principle in Civil Execution

Under modern law,the principle of credit is an important basis for judges to interpret laws or replenish gaps in law in pursuit of social justice.The principle should be introduced into Chinese civil procedural rules,especially adopted in civil execution.It is both a power and an obligation of the judges to apply the principle of credit to supplement,restrain and coordinate the drawbacks or rigid application of specific provisions,so as to guarantee the accuracy and propriety of the application of law.The purpose of subrogation execution is to safeguard the claimant's interests,and the purpose of objection to execution is to protect the property of a third party from being executed in error.Both these two systems are designed to promote the carriage of justice.However,it is inequitable if granting a third party the power to terminate executing process without being reviewed carefully.As a result,it is desirable to adopt the principle of credit to determine the appropriateness of the objection from a third party.