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Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement |
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| Authors: | Robert Apel Shawn D Bushway Raymond Paternoster Robert Brame Gary Sweeten | ||
| Institution: | 1. School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany, 135 Western Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA 2. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland at College Park, 2220 LeFrak Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA 3. Department of Criminal Justice, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 5082 Colvard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA 4. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, 4701 West Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ, 85306, USA |
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| Abstract: | On the basis of prior research findings that employed youth, and especially intensively employed youth, have higher rates
of delinquent behavior and lower academic achievement, scholars have called for limits on the maximum number of hours per
week that teenagers are allowed to work. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to assess the claim that employment
and work hours are causally related to adolescent problem behavior. We utilize a change model with age-graded child labor
laws governing the number of hours per week allowed during the school year as instrumental variables. We find that these work
laws lead to additional number of hours worked by youth, which then lead to increased high school dropout but decreased delinquency.
Although counterintuitive, this result is consistent with existing evidence about the effect of employment on crime for adults
and the impact of dropout on youth crime.
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| Keywords: | Youth employment Crime and deviance School performance Longitudinal data Instrumental variables | ||
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