国企为何需要行政化的治理——一种被忽略的效率性解释

在中国,国企的行政化治理是一种必然现实,是国家作为企业股东以及国企作为公共企业的本质使然。行政化治理虽然一直被视为有碍国企商业化,但亦有其"效率性"的一面,它有助于国企得到更多商业资源和商业利益。而且,国企的行政化治理是一种世界现象,差别只在于其目标以及内容、手段和方式的不同。由此,国企面对的关键问题,就不是如何脱离行政化治理的问题,而是如何改进行政化的治理、进行何种行政化治理的问题,即如何跳出原有产权调控模式,从利润导向走向公共导向,提升治理的透明度,让国企为国家发展、为一般社会公众谋取福利。中国一直追求将国企打造成独立的商事主体,追求国企营利目标的实现,这显然背离了作为公共企业的国企本质。应当撩开国企的商事面罩,重新回到公共企业以及公共企业法的改革道路上——以特别企业法而非商事公司法的方式调整国企的设立、运营和监管。

Why State-owned Enterprises(SOEs) Need Governmental Governance(GG) :An Overlooked Efficiency Interpretation

In China,the governmental management /governance( GM /GG) of the state-owned enterprises( SOEs) is an inevitable reality – just because the country is the shareholder of SOEs and the nature of SOEs as public companies. Although GM /GG has been regarded as hazardous to SOEs,it is also a method to be"efficient"because it can help SOEs to get more business resources and business interests. And the GM /GG of the SOEs is very popular in the world,the difference only lies in its goals and contents,means and ways. Thus,the key problem about SOEs is not the problem about GM /GG,but how to improve the GM /GG,namely,how to escape from the mode of property right regulation,from profit orientation toward public guidance,improve the transparency of governance,and let SOEs do good for national development and for the general public welfare. We have always sought to make SOEs independent business entities and make it achieve the goal of profit,which obviously deviated from the nature of the SOEs as some kind of public sector. We should lift the commercial veil of SOEs,profit orientation back to the road of public enterprises and public enterprises acts,using special enterprises law rather than commercial company law to adjust the establishment,operation and supervision of the SOEs.