论所有人抵押权——基于对德国法和瑞士法的分析

所有人抵押权是所有人于自己的财产上存在的抵押权,它是近现代私法上的一项特殊制度。其中,德国法对此制度于较大范围内予以认可,规定了三种类型的所有人抵押权形态,并就每种形态的所有人抵押权的发生事由定有明文。瑞士法在所有人抵押权制度上更加严格地贯彻了顺位固定规则。要理解所有人抵押权的法律构成,有必要厘清其与顺位固定、顺位保留、抵押权的附随性(附从性)、对自己之物的权利及混同之间的关系。我国现行法制仅于混同的例外情形认可所有人抵押权的立场应予变更。为有利于我国不动产信用关系与金融资本信用关系的发展,我国应在较大范围内认可所有人抵押权,摒弃抵押权的不可分性规则,改采顺位固定规则。

On the Titleholder's Mortgage:Based on the Analysis of German Law and Swiss Law

Titleholder's mortgage,a special one,is defined as a kind of mortgage based on titleholder's own belongings. Of all the countries,German adopts titleholder's mortgage in a wider range,which specifies three types of it and legitimized the causes of every single type. Swiss law,on the other hand,strictly adopts the theory of fixed sequence in titleholder's mortgage. To better understand the legal structure of titleholder's mortgage,we need to distinguish it from some other relevant concepts,such as fixed sequence,reserved sequence,the subordinate character of mortgage and so on. As for our country,we only admit that there do exist the titleholder's mortgage in the case of confusion exception. Aiming at improving commercial efficiency and financial leasing,we should adopt the titleholder's mortgage and adhere to the fixed sequence principle.