意思主义模式下不动产一物二卖的理论与实务——以意大利民法为观察样本

尽管意大利民法仍然坚持物权变动的意思主义原则,理论与司法实务在解释和适用《民法典》第2644条确立的"登记优先"规则时,却间接地承认至少在不动产一物二卖的情形下,不动产物权的变动适用登记生效规则,这也为后续一系列违约责任、损害赔偿等问题的展开确立了逻辑起点。而在对第一受让人的救济方面,意大利民法则走得更远:通过出让人的合同责任、第二受让人的侵权责任、损害赔偿的"原物返还"方式以及第一受让人的撤销之诉一环扣一环地展示出让人与第二受让人的主观状态与损害赔偿责任之间的关系。此外,意大利民法灵活务实的规则、完善的救济手段都具有启示性且引人深思。

The Theories and Practice of Dual Conveyance of Real Estate under the Principle of Consensualism

In fact, the theories and sentences from Supreme Court of Italy accept indirectly that the registration of real estate has the transfer effect at least in the circumstance of dual conveyance of real estate, which is the rule of ＂priority of registration＂ established by article 2644 of Italian Civil Code, even if Italian civil law still pursues the principle of consensualism. Concerning the remedies provided to the first assignee who has lost the property, obviously, the civil law of Italy goes much further ： depending on different subjective states of the alienor and the second assignee, the compensation liabilities are different. Besides, the rules for resolve the litigation of dual transfer in Italian civil law are agile and practical, and the remedies for the first assignee are improved, all of these characteristics are particular revelations for Chinese civil law.