复行为犯之基本问题初论

复行为犯是一种由两个或者两个以上非独立成罪的要素行为构成实行行为的犯罪既遂类型。复行为犯之危害行为具有规范性、有机性、危害性、复数性等基本特征。我国刑法中的复行为犯可分为牵连式复行为犯与递进式复行为犯、单纯复行为犯与混合复行为犯、可隔离的复行为犯与不可隔离的复行为犯、可逆的复行为犯与不可逆的复行为犯。所谓复行为犯的承继正犯,是指在先行为人已经实施了复行为犯的首要素行为之后,后行为人以共同的犯罪故意实施后要素行为的情况。在复行为犯的承继正犯之中,有以下问题值得注意:一是成立复行为犯的承继正犯是否要求先行为人与后行为人一起实施后要素行为;二是后行为人对先行者所实施的首要素行为及其结果是否承担刑事责任。

Problems Related to Plural-act Offense

Plural-act offense is an accomplished offense the perpetration of which is composed of more than one elemental act that otherwise is held non-culpable separately. The criminal acts of the offense present several features: regularity, organization, harmfulness and plurality. In China’s criminal law, the offense is divided in comparison as implicated-plural-act offense and progressive-plural-act offense, simple-plural-act offense and mixed-plural-act offense, isolated-plural-act offense and non-isolated-plural-act offense, reversible-plural-act offense and irreversible-plural-act offense. The inherited principal in a plural-act offense refers to a one who commits a latter elemental act co-deliberately where one has performed the first elemental act. Two problems related to the inherited principal in a plural-act offense should be considered: one is whether the former actor must perform the later elemental act with the latter actor; the other is whether the latter actor is liable for the first elemental act committed by the former actor.