跨国公司侵犯人权行为的法律规制简

在当前国际经济秩序中,跨国公司凭借其强大的经济实力愈发扮演起重要的角色.跨国公司在经营活动中,侵犯东道国人权的问题已引起广泛关注.然而,现行法律框架不足以规制跨国公司在东道国侵犯人权的行为.在现行国际法规制模式下,跨国公司不是国际法主体,国际法无法直接规制跨国公司行为.在现行国内法规制模式下,东道国没有实力进行规制,甚至有些侵犯人权行为在东道国法律体系下根本不构成违法;母国没有意愿进行规制,唯一相关的母国立法,即美国ATCA存在诸多缺陷,实际效果有限.通过母国法律规制母公司的行为是一种解决途径,主要基于“企业理论”使母公司对子公司在东道国的侵犯人权行为承担责任,或者母国通过立法给母公司施加规制子公司行为的义务,但是该途径也在法律上及实践中存在障碍.根本的解决途径是促使发展中东道国积极签署并切实履行人权保护相关公约,来规制境内跨国公司侵犯人权的行为,提升本国法治环境.

Legal Regulation on Human Rights Violations by Multinational Corporations

Under current international economic order, multinational corporations play increas- ingly important role with powerful economic strength. In the businesses of multinational corpora-tions, human fights violations have attracted expansive attention. However, current legal regimes are not sufficient to regulate such behaviors. Under current international legal regime, since multination- al corporations are not subject of international haviors of multinational corporations directly. law, international law is not able to regulate the be- Under current domestic legal regime, host countries don＇t have the ability to regulate, and some human rights violations even don＇t constitute violation of e. at all; home countries are not willing to regulate, and the only legislation by home country, i. ATCA of United States has many defects and limited effects. Therefore, regulating parent com-party through the law of home country is an approach, that is to say, making the parent company lia-ble for the subsidiary＇s human fights violations in host country based on enterprise theory, or impos-ing legal obligation on parent company to regulate the behaviors of subsidiary through legislation by home country. However, this approach exists some barriers in legal and practical aspects. The fun-damental approach is to urge conventions, so that regulating developing countries to sign and implement human rights protection the domestic human rights violations by multinational corporations, in order to improve legal environments.