美国矫正演进历史（下）

美国独立前沿用英国的刑罚制度，看守所的条件极类似于它们欧洲前辈的条件，在国家审判期间或某种国家惩罚的形式下。欧洲监狱监禁囚犯的条件极其严酷，囚犯还得给看守人员交付小费。当时在美国，监禁作为一种惩罚方式极为少见，而公开绞死和肉体惩罚却是常规行刑方法。美国独立后，殖民者对基本人权的关注以及他们担心政府权力不受限制地施加于公民．最终导致了改革的呼声。美国可谓是后起之秀，在刑罚执行方面建树颇多。逐渐地取代了英国开先河的地位和作用，成为世界性潮流的前卫。

On Historical Evolution of American Correction （continued）

Before independence, the United States continue to use the British penal system, whose detention center is very similar to those of European. During the period of state trial or national punishment, the prison in Europe is extremely harsh, and the prisoners have to tip for guards. At that time in the United States, imprisonment, as a way to punishment, is rare in prison, while public hanging and physical punishment are conventional methods of execution. After independence, the colonists＇ attention to basic human rights and their worry about government power being not subject to restrictions imposed on citizens, eventually led to the calls for reform. As a rising star, America contributes much in punishment execution, gradually replaces the British leading status and role, and leads the world trend.