再部落化现象:乡村治理的新挑战——基于湖南H村的研究

农村政治生活正面临着再部落化的新挑战。湖南H村的个案研究表明乡村再部落化有如下特点:首先,村民在宗族自然村而不是行政村或更大的政治实体寻求安全、生活和公共服务需求等方面的满足;其次,部落时期的直接互动模式并没有因为现代科技的发展而消失,反而进一步强化了村民的血缘关系,宗族内部甚至家族内部交往成为村民互动的主要形式;最后,基于亲属选择的合作逻辑,宗族自然村取代行政村成为实际上的有效治理单元。这种现象给农村治理带来了新的挑战:一方面是宗族自然村在村委会选举和政治运行上高度对立,引起了乡村社会的进一步分裂;另一方面是这种分裂和对立也导致了乡村信任半径的收缩。这既不利于凝聚人人有责的治理共识,也不利于推进人人尽责的集体行动,更不利于形成人人享有的分配结果。

Re-tribalism:A New Challenge of Rural Governance--Based on the Study of H Village in Hunan Province

Rural political life is facing new challenges of re-tribalism.The case study of village H shows that the re-tribalism of villages has the following characteristics.First,villagers seek to meet the needs of security,life and public services in clan natural villages rather than administrative villages or larger political entities.Secondly,the direct interaction mode in the tribal period did not disappear because of the development of modern science and technology.On the contrary,it further strengthened the blood relationship of villagers.The communication within the clan or even within the family became the main form of interaction among villagers.Finally,based on the cooperative logic of kinship selection,clan natural village has replaced administrative village as an effective governance unit.The re-tribalism brings new challenges to rural governance.On the one hand,the clan natural villages are highly antagonistic in village committee election and political operation,which leads to further division of rural society;On the other hand,the division and opposition also lead to the contraction of rural trust radius.This is not conducive to the cohesion of the governance consensus that everyone is responsible for,nor is it conducive to promoting the collective action of everyone's due diligence,and even less conducive to the formation of the distribution results enjoyed by all.