民事诉讼中的勘验协力义务论析

勘验协力义务乃不负举证责任的当事人及第三人为协助法院进行勘验所尽的公法上义务,包括勘验标的物提交义务与勘验忍受义务两种基本类型.勘验协力义务设定之目的在于保证法院能基于正确的证据调查之结果而作出适正的裁判,具有正当事由时,当事人或第三人可以拒绝履行.违反勘验协力义务将遭受公法上的制裁,表现为：不负举证责任的当事人若违反勘验协力义务,法院将拟制举证人关于勘验标的物的主张甚至关于勘验标的物所证明之事实的主张为真实;第三人违反勘验协力义务时,将会被法院处以罚款、拘留等强制措施.我国现行民事诉讼法关于勘验协力义务之设定基本上停留在行为规范层面,并且在适用范围上几无限制,显非妥适,亟待完善.

On the Obligation to Assist the Inspection in Civil Litigations

The obligation to assist the inspection is a kind of public law obligation for the parties and the third party, who need not bear the burden of proof, to assist the court to inspect. It includes the obligation of pre- senting the subject matter and the obligation of tolerance. The purpose of imposing obligation to assist the inspec- tion is to ensure the court making proper judgment based on the correct evidence investigation. Parties or the third party can refuse to render assistance upon probable cause. Failure to perform the obligation will be subject to sanctions in public law, i.e. if the parties who need not bear the burden of proof fail to perform the obligations, the court will adjudicate the claim of the subject matter and even the facts proved by the subject matter as true; if the third party violates the rules, he will be fined, detained by the court. The obligation to assist the inspection in China＇s current Civil Procedure Law basically is a conduct norm, and the scope of its application is almost unlimited, which is obviously improper and needs to an urgent improvement.