缅甸华文教育产生的背景与发展态势

缅甸华文教育曾经有过蓬勃发展的黄金时期。上个世纪60年代中,缅甸政府将华文学校收归国有,从此华文教育转向非正规教育,即中文补习班。但华人对华文教育需求的热情从未减弱。70年代后以孔教和佛经教育方式出现,大小规模不同的华文教育,又逐渐多起来,而且其他族裔的人也参与学习华文,这和近年在世界各地掀起的华文学习热潮息息相关。由于受1979年中国实行改革开放以来,经济、文化和科学技术获得空前发展及全球经济一体化趋势的影响,华文在世界上的作用和地位受到重视。近年来,缅甸政府鼓励开办电脑班,因此华文学校开始放弃佛教的色彩,纷纷向电脑进军。此外,原先亲台湾的学校也放弃政治分歧,坚持“一个中国”的原则,致力于弘扬中华文化,把华文教育办得有声有色。

Chinese Language Education: Its Background and Developing Trend in Myanmar

There once was a most flourishing period in the development of Chinese language education in Myanmar. However, in the mid - 1960s, the government of Myanmar took over all the Chinese language schools. From then on, Chinese language education became informal, i. e. remedial Chinese language classes. But the demand zeal for Chinese language education of the Myanmar-Chinese never declined. In the 1970s, different forms of Chinese language educationappearing in the form of Confucianism or Buddhism education, gradually increased again. And some descendants of other ethnic groups were seen to join them in learning Chinese language as well, which was something closely linked with the great upsurge in learning Chinese language all over the world. Owing to the influence of the rapid development which China has achieved in its economy, culture, science and technology since 1979, when China began to carry out the reform and open- door policies, and the tendency of economic globalization, the role and position in the world of Chinese language have been attached much importance to. Recently the government of Myanmar encouraged people to start computer classes, consequently Chinese language schools began to give up their Buddhist colour and march towards running computer classes one after another. In addition, some former pro - Taiwan schools have eliminated political differences, adhere to one - China principle, devote themselves to carrying forward the Chinese culture and have been running Chinese language education very impressively.