从马克思的市民社会观到当代社会观——市民社会理论视域下的中国"社会建设"

西方的市民社会理论经历了三个发展阶段，首先是市民社会与野蛮社会的分离，其次是市民社会与政治国家的分离，最后是市民社会与经济社会的分离。马克思的市民社会观处于第二个阶段，他剖析了现代市民社会的产生和内在矛盾，揭示了市民社会的本质和发展方向。中国的“社会”正处于西方市民社会发展的第二阶段。而其历史背景却处于西方第二和第三阶段交错的现代性背景中。根据历史的经验与中国的现实，中国目前的社会建设首先要健全市场经济体制，推进政治体制改革；其次要加强以改善民生为主的社会建设，培育公民社会；最后要促进社会与国家的良性互动，克服市民社会的内在矛盾。

From the Marxist Concept of Civil Society to the Contemporary Concept of Society

The western theories of civil society have gone through three developmental stages.In the first stage,there was the separation of civil society and brutal society;in the second stage,the separation of civil society and political state;in the third stage,the separation of civil society and economic society.The civil society to which Marx referred is in the second stage.He analyzed the emergence of modern civil society and the inherent contradiction,and revealed the nature of civil society and developmental direction.Against the background of transition from the second stage to the third stage,Chinese society is in the second stage of western civil society.According to the historical experience and Chinese reality,China's present social construction should first improve the market-economy system and promote the reform of political system.Secondly,it is necessary to strengthen social construction by focusing on improving people's living and cultivating a civil society.Thirdly,it is essential to step up the healthy interaction between society and state and overcome the inherent contradiction of civil society.