| Institution: | *Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge; formerly Senior Research Fellow, University of Warwick. I would like to express my thanks for the help given in the collection of data by the Home Office Research and Planning Unit, the Chief Constable of the West Midlands Police, and the Chief Probation Officer of the West Midlands Probation Service. I am grateful for comments made by Dr. David Farrington and by Professor D. J. West, and for statistical assistance by my husband. A grant from the Nuflield Foundation facilitated the research and the preparation of the paper. |
