行政调查中权力的可能边界

作为行政机关执行公务、实现行政职能的基础性手段，行政调查普遍存在于行政过程中。如果将其界定为纯粹的作出行政行为过程中搜集证据、确认事实的手段，则行政调查至多是一种事实行为，甚至附庸于相关行政行为中，没有单独规制的必要。如果将其界定为一种行政行为的形态，则行政法制度应当对行政调查给予全面规范。其实，行政调查是否属于独立的行政行为不是问题的关键，关键是要考察行政调查过程中对公民权利的可能侵犯能否通过既有制度予以监督制约；如果不能，则将行政调查作为一种独立的行政行为，通过法律规制达到既能够保障行政职能的实现，又能够保障公民权利的目的，或言厘定出行政调查权力的边界，是我们的一项重要任务。

The Probable Limits of Power of Administrative Inquiry

As a fundamental method of law enforcement, administrative inquiry exists in administrative process. It is generally held that there is no need to regulate it separately if administrative inquiry is defined as a mere method of collecting evidence and confirming facts because it is only an act of fact or even a part of certain administrative act; but if it is defined as a form of administrative act, administrative inquiry should be regulated comprehensively. In fact, the focus is not on whether it is an inde...