从《大同书》看文化冲突与“士”的幽灵

近代以来 ,东西文化冲突带来中国历史上“千古未有之变局”,中国知识分子也经历了由士而知识分子的社会角色转换。但由于主客观条件的局限 ,却未能相应地进行和完成传统世界观的转变 ,其灵魂深处依然蛰居着传统士人的“幽灵”。面对空前激烈的文化冲突 ,知识分子的历史使命应是文化的更新 ,而士的幽灵却坚持文化的保守 ,这便构成了中国近代知识分子思想与灵魂脱节的二元特性。康有为的《大同书》便是这二元特性的产物 ,且在不同程度上成为近代知识分子灵魂的“圣经”。通过对《大同书》的解剖 ,便不难窥见近代知识分子灵魂深处的那个士的幽灵

The Cultural Conflict and Scholar-Officials' Ghost in Ta T'ung Shu

The conflict between Western culture and Oriental culture caused a tremendous change in China from the beginning of modern times.Chinese scholars had gone through a process of the transformation of social roles.They were not Scholar officials any longer but intellectuals.Owing to the subjective and objective limitations,the transformation from traditional idea to modern idea had not finished.A ghost, the traditional Scholar officials' ghost,was still haunting in the innermost soul of the early modern intellectuals.In the sharp cultural conflict,the intellectual had the responsibility to create a new kind of culture.But, there was deeply conservative thought inside the Scholar officials' soul.It formed duality that means a division of the modern intellectual's thought from their soul.K'ang Yu wei's Ta T'ung Shu is a book that expresses this kind of duality.To a certain extent ,the book had become a canon that directs the soul of the early modern intellectuals.Analyzing Ta T'ung Shu,we can find out that Scholar officials' ghost is the innermost soul of the early modern intellectuals.