“第三职能”的扩张与中国大学的未来

20世纪80年代以来,中国大学的角色发生了重大的变化,大学体系建立之初仅承担教育职能,目前已确立了科学研究的第二职能和直接服务社会的第三职能,与其他国家不同,中国大学的第三职能占有重要地位,由此派生出由大学控制和经营的企业,并对大学科研和发展产生了影响,中国大学的未来,不仅要考虑第三职能有效发挥和社会短期需求,而且更应该以大学在国家创新系统中的角色定位、大学的社会使命作为基点,凸显大学保持与传播知识、探索新知识及对社会的建设性批评精神,国家要努力建立多元化大学体系,要对少数骨干大学进行重点扶持,适当收缩其第三职能,主管部门应汲取历史教训,尽力避免长官意志与“一刀切”行为。

The Expansion of "Third Mission"and the Future of the University in China

This paper analyzes the influence of the expansion of "Third Mission" to Chinese universities.Since 1980s,universities in China have changed their role significantly together with the evolution of national innovation system.At the beginning,the only mission of universities in China was training researchers and other skilled personnel.Now they perform research and knowledge transfer & application,which is treated as "serving the needs of economy directly"or"the Third Mission".In particular,"the Third Mission" is becoming more and more important in those first rank universities in China,affecting the research related mission,and changing the role of universities in NIS.