Household,family, and economy among wine-growing peasants: The case of lower Austria in the first half of the nineteenth century |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Verona, Verona, Italy;2. ESC Dijon/Burgundy School of Business, Dijon, France;1. Applied Geophysics Group, Center for Research of the Terrestrial Environment, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada;1. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 111 Agricultural Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;2. USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 W Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA;3. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, 1380 A&M Circle, El Paso, TX 79927-5020, USA;1. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln an der Donau, A-3430, Austria;2. University of Copenhagen, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | This article discusses commercial viticulture as a peculiar form of agro-economic activity with certain analogies to proto-industry. Using cadastral surveys, parish registers, and census lists from two Lower Austrian villages, the main economic features, the household formation patterns, and the family forms of peasant wine-growers are analyzed within the broader framework of the demographic and social landscape of the Austrian Alpine provinces of the Habsburg monarchy in the nineteenth century. The prevalence of nuclear family forms, low proportions of permanent celibates and illegitimate births, highly fragmented landownership, small numbers of farm servants, and numerous lodgers are shown to be the main characteristics of this smallholder society. Due to the decline of Austrian viticulture in the first half of the nineteenth century, it underwent a process of “re-agrarianisation.” |
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