国际贸易中海运货差探析

在国际贸易海上货物运输过程中,货差（货物短量）的现象司空见惯。货差发生的原因众多,其中包括运输过程中的运输允耗、装卸允耗和衡重误差等,即通常所说的5‰合理损耗问题。相关国际公约和《中华人民共和国海商法》对此都没有明文规定,给海事审判工作带来诸多不便。从承运人、托运人和提单持有人对合理损耗认识,结合相关案例,对大宗散装货物由于水尺计重在货物交付时发生的货差问题进行分析,借此引起提单持有人、承运人及其代理人对此问题的注意,以进一步维护提单持有人、承运人的利益。

Exploring of the cargo shortage of maritime transport of goods in international trade

The phenomenon of the shortage of maritime cargo in transit in international trade is common sight.The causes of the cargo shortage are multitudinous,including the allowance for damage in transit and loading and unloading,error of weigh in transit and so on,which is commonly referred to as the reasonable wasting problem of 5‰.The wasting problem is not made a clear regulation in international covenant and Chinese Maritime Code,which causes much inconvenience to maritime judicial work.The article analyses the problem about the cargo shortage of the large bulk due to draft survey in delivery through the understanding of the carrier,the shipper and the consignee which about the reasonable wasting,and cases.In doing so,causing the attention of the consignee,the carrier and its agents on this issue and to put forward preventive measures,so that the interests of the consignee and the carrier are further maintained.