当代西方发展理论论析

当代西方发展理论在其半个多世纪的演变中，大致经历了20世纪40年代的“发展经济学”、50年代兴起的“现代化理论”、70年代的“依附论”和“世界体系论”、80年代的“新发展观”、90年代的“明冲突论”等理论形态的更迭；此外，旨在对现代化所出现的问题进行“纠偏”、“颠覆”与“解构”的后现代主义思潮也以其鲜明的特征为发展理论带来新的景观。这些学说或理论具有鲜明的“问题学”特征，拓展了发展问题的界域，自觉不自觉地顺应了当代社会发展的实际进程，是这一发展进程在理论上曲折的反映；然而，它们在发展观上所达到的科学程度是有限的，其走入误区的症结就在于：研究视角的单一与框架的狭窄、研究方法的形而上学特征以及学院式研究成果缺乏转化为实践的能力等。

An Analysis of Modern Theory of Western Development

In its half a century's evolution, the modern theory of western development has gone through the alternation of a number of the oretical forms, namely,the development economics of the 1940s, the modernization theory of the 1950s, the attachment theory and world system theory of the 1970s, the new development theory of the 1980s, as well as the theory of civilization conflict of the 1990s. Besides,post modernism, which aims at correcting, overturning and disintegrating modernization problems, brought development theory a new appearance with its distinct features. These theories and doctrines widened the scope of development issues and conformed to the stream of social development purposefully or inadvertently and theoretically reflected this stream.Nevertheless, the scientific degree that these theories and doctrines reached in the outlook of development is limited. The crux of their problems lies in the singularity and narrowness of their research perspectives and frameworks, the metaphysical traits of their research methods, and their inability to transform research products into practice.