Required breakthroughs in Think Tanks

Think Tanks were invented more than thirty-five years ago. However, their actual performance is rather disappointing, with most countries having none and with existing units not supplying essential inputs into public policymaking. Comparison of policymaking needs with actual contributions of Think Tanks highlights many deficits, caused by exogenous and endogenous variables. Harsher adversities facing policymaking make the contributions of Think Tanks all the more necessary, with no existing other institutions being able to substitute for their under-performance. Therefore, breakthroughs are required for upgrading the contributions of Think Tanks to policymaking.