国际法院对国际人权法的贡献

在过去的60年里,国际法院对国际人权法作出了重大的贡献。在国际人权法与国际人道法的关系方面,它认定国际人道法构成国际人权法的特别法,国际人权法在武装冲突期间并不停止适用。在国际人权公约的域外适用方面,它认定武装冲突的占领当局必须遵守相应的国际人权公约。它首次确认国际法中存在对一切的义务,并举出了一些具有对一切的义务的人权的例子,包括民族自决权、免于种族灭绝的权利、免于奴隶制的权利、免于种族歧视的权利。它还认为领事通知权是一项个人权利,而不是一项国家权利,这有利于保护个人权利。

The Contribution of the International Court of Justice to International Human Rights Law

Over the past six decades, the International Court of Justice has made considerable contributions to international human rights law. It considers international humanitarian law as lex specialis of international human rights law, the latter not ceasing to be applicable during armed conflicts, and concludes that the occupying authorities during armed conflicts should observe international human rights conventions concerned. It confirms the existence of obligations erga omnes in international law and identifies the right to self-determination of peoples, the prohibition of genocide, slavery, and racial discrimination as those obligations. It is in favor of the contention that the right to information on consular assistance is a right of the individual, not a right of a State, which is condusive to the protection of rights of individuals.