民营企业刑事合规的解构与展望

企业刑事合规制度起源于美国，已逐渐具有全球化的趋势。中国对企业合规问题日益重视，但是民营企业的刑事合规仍然属于制度空白。相较于其他类型的企业而言，民营企业的整体规范性较差，且具有脆弱性，刑事法律在控制犯罪和保障企业生存方面均呈现出不足之处。刑事合规制度能够将国家的刑事监管责任部分内化为企业的管理责任，具有教育问题企业、节约司法资源、减小司法社会负效应的积极意义。鉴于中国民营企业的实际情况，应明确有效刑事合规计划的内涵，构建刑事法律对企业合规的激励机制，推进民营企业自主建立有效的刑事合规计划。

Explanation and Expectation of Criminal Compliance for Private-owned Corporations

The corporate criminal compliance system originated in the United States and has gradually become a global trend. China pays growing attention to corporate compliance issues, but the criminal compliance of private-owned corporations is still a system gap. Compared with other types of corporations, the private-owned corporations are vulnerable in nature and their overall standardization is poor. Criminal laws are insufficient in controlling relevant crimes and ensuring the survival of corporations. The criminal compliance system can internalize part of the national criminal supervision responsibility into the management responsibility within the corporations. It has the significance of educating problematic corporations, saving judicial resources, and reducing the negative effects of the judicial activities. Considering the actual situations of Chinese private-owned corporations, in order to promote private-owned corporations to actively establish effective criminal compliance programs, it is necessary to clarify the elements of effective criminal compliance programs and build incentive mechanisms in criminal laws for corporate compliance.