预防、惩戒与修复:环境侵害法律规制体系的重构

环境污染行为与环境破坏行为导致的损害都属于环境侵害,需要建立一个完善的系统加以法律规制,从预防、惩戒、修复三大环节入手,给生态环境提供有力的法治保障。预防体系着重环境风险的行政监管,为环境保护构筑第一道防线;惩戒体系强调刑罚与行政处罚在适用层面的可操作性,对环境侵害起到应有的震慑作用;修复体系则事关环境能否可持续发展,通过环境公益诉讼的渠道,让民事赔偿能在环境修复上产生良好效果。

Prevention, Punishment and Restoration: Reconstruction of Legal Regulation on Environmental Infringement

Environmental infringement consists of the polluting environment behavior and the damaging envi- ronment behavior. It is supposed to establish a perfect system to provide a powerful legal support for the ecologi- cal environment from the aspects of prevention, punishment and restoration. The prevention system focuses on the administrative supervision of the environmental risk so as to build the first line of defense; the punishment system emphasizes the applicable punishment and administrative punishment, which will effectively control the environ- ment infringement; and the restoration system is related to the core issue on its sustainable development, which, through the litigation of the environmental public welfare, may produce a good effect on environmental restoration.