Reverse brain drain in South Korea: State-led model |
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Authors: | Bang-Song L Yoon |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Political Science, Central Washington University, 98926 Ellensburg, WA |
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Abstract: | Korea’s reverse brain drain (RBD) has been an organized government effort, rather than a spontaneous social phenomenon, in
that various policies and the political support of President Park, Chung-Hee were instrumental in laying the ground work for
its success. Particular features of Korea’s RBD policies are the creation of a conducive domestic environment (i.e., government-sponsored
strategic R & D institution-building, legal and administrative reforms), and importantly, the empowerment of returnees (via,
i.e., exceptionally good material benefits, guarantees of research autonomy). President Park played the cardinal role in empowering
repatriates at the expense of his own civil bureaucracy, and his capacity for such patronage derived from Korea’s bureaucratic-authoritarian
political system. Returning scientists and engineers directly benefited from this political system as well as Park’s personal
guardianship. For Park, empowerment of returning “brains” was necessary to accomplish his national industrialization plan,
thereby enhancing his political legitimacy in domestic politics. An alliance with the R & D cadre was functionally necessary
to successfully consolidate strong presidential power, and politically non-threatening due to the particular form of “pact
of domination” in Korea’s power structure. RBD in Korea will continue in the near future given Korea’s drive for high technology,
and the remarkable expansion of local industrial and educational sectors. Korea’s future RBD, however, needs to pay closer
attention to the following four problems: research autonomy; equality issues; skill-based repatriation of technicians and
engineers rather than Ph.D.’s; and subsidies to small and medium industry for RBD.
Bang-Soon L. Yoon is assistant professor of political science, Central Washington University. She is currently working onWorld Bibliographical Series: South Korea, to be published by Clio Press, Ltd., Oxford, England, co-edited with Michael A. Launius.
An earlier version of this paper was read at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago,
Illinois, April 18–20, 1991. |
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