人类学田野调查的理论反思

人类学田野调查既是资料的搜集,又是典型的按照某种特定范式进行的理论生成活动。不同的田野工作会因其所遵循范式的不同而呈现出不同的特点。人类生存方式的多样性必然要求人类学调查者采用不同的方法。参与式观察法在人类学调查中具有重要的地位,但并不具有普适性。知识是经验与理性的统一,简单的经验积累并不会带给人类知识的增加,人类学知识亦然。生活意义的多样性要求人类学对此做出历史与逻辑相统一的解释。

Theoretical Reflections on the Fieldwork of Anthropology

The fieldwork of anthropology is both a collection of data and a typical theoretical formation following a specific model. Different kinds of fieldwork have different traits because of their different models. The diversity of human existence requires anthropologists to adopt different methods. Participant observation plays a key role in this field but does not possess universality. Knowledge is the combination of experience and rationality. The simple accumulation of experience will add nothing either to human knowledge or to anthropological knowledge. Various meanings of human life require anthropology to give a historically and logically reasonable interpretation.