19世纪40年代～20世纪初期俄国合作社的思想和实践

合作社思想在俄国的传播经历了从空想走向现实的过程,19世纪60年代的大改革为合作社的建立创造了条件。自1865年第一个合作社建立之日起至1917年十月革命前,俄国的合作社运动可分为四个阶段。随着合作社运动的展开,政府开始参与合作社活动、向其提供指导与扶植,同时也通过行政力量对它的发展进行严厉监控,究其实质是要掌控合作社运动的领导权。这严重违背了合作社的独立、自主原则,导致二者间矛盾不断。至1917年十月革命前,从合作社基层组织到合作社联盟、再到全俄合作社委员会的合作社体制已初步建立。合作社活动在经济、文化领域均取得了一定的成绩,同时它也存在很多不足。

Russian cooperative ideology and practice between 1840s and early 1900s

The spread of cooperative ideology in Russia has undergone a process of Utopia to reality.The great reform in the 1860s created conditions for the establishment of cooperatives.The Russian cooperative movement from the establishment of the first cooperative in 1865 to the eve of the October Revolution can be divided into four stages.As the movement developed,the government began to participate in it,provided it guidance and support while giving it strict monitoring,essentially grasping its leadership power ...