防空识别区:剩余权利原则对天空自由的限制

防空识别区是一国为国家安全目的而设置的对航空器进行识别的特殊区域,是国家行使管辖权的结果。其在国际法上的依据基于剩余权利原则,也可以部分地基于专属经济区的规定,但其规范形式主要是国内法,其规范性质不属于国际习惯。其法律性质不同于领空,也不等同于专属经济区、公海。中国设置东海防空识别区,表明了对长期以来国际社会存在的做法的认可,丰富、推动着相关国际实践向前发展,成为国际通例乃至国际习惯。东海防空识别区与其他国家防空识别区的重叠,并不与现行国际法冲突。

The Air Defence Identification Zone: The Restriction of the Residual Right Principle on the Freedom of the Airspace

As a result of jurisdiction exercising,ADIZ( Air Defence Identification Zone) is a special zone established by the costal country for its national security in which aircraft need to be identified. Its legal basis in international law is the residual right principle,while its normative form is national law rather than international custom. The EEZ rules in the UNCLOS can partially support the establishment of ADIZ. The legal nature of ADIZ is not as the territorial airspace,and is different to the EEZ or the high seas. The establishment of the DonghaiSea ADIZ indicates that China recognizes the practice already existed in the international community for many years,enhances the relevant international practice to the direction of general practice,or even international custom. The overlapping of Donghai Sea ADIZ and relevant countries ADIZs is not a violation oflexlata international law.