明治初期非“女大学”式的女性认识——以土居光华的女性论为中心

在明治初期《女大学》群书大量出版,"女大学"式的女性认识广泛蔓延之际,对当时社会中"女大学"式的男女关系感到不协调并试图克服这种扭曲关系的男性知识分子在历史的舞台上渐渐活跃起来。以土居光华为代表的知识分子在选择性地吸收穆勒《自由论》及女性论的基础上,结合当时日本的社会状况,提出了适合文明开化的女性论。他的非"女大学"式的女性认识在当时的思想界可谓大放异彩,但其中也不免混杂着传统的因素。其作为一种"理想",脱离了当时女性的生存状况和社会实际。尽管如此,试图跳脱出"女大学"主导下的言论体系包围网的土居光华的摸索,可以说为我们今天理解明治初期的女性形象打开了另一种视野。

The Study on Female by Un-onnnadaigaku Style in Meiji Initial Time Centered on the Female Theory by Doi Kouka

Some male intellectuals came on the stage and became more and more active due to the massive publication of theseries of ＂Onnnadaigaku＂, and the spread of the style of onnnadaigaku. The style was collided with the relationship betweenman and woman. People of that age tried to change that twisted relationship. As a representative of the intellectuals, Doi Kouka,who applied the ＂On Liberty＂ from John Stuart Mill selectively and the female theory in the society, came up with a new femaletheory which is adjustable to the civilized time. His anti-onnnadaigaku thoughts were so spectacular at that time. But inevitablyit mixed with some traditional elements. As a kind of ＂dream＂ it was not connected with the female living conditions and theaverage status in society. The way of trying to find out the system from the domination of onnnadaigaku which was done by DoiKouka, to some extent, revealed another version for us to perceive the female image in Meiji period.