医疗纠纷诉讼证据问题与对策——对病历-鉴定-审判模式的反思

医疗纠纷诉讼证据包括民事诉讼法规定的七种证据。由于医疗纠纷诉讼的特殊性,我国司法实践已经形成了病历—鉴定—审判的审理模式。法官在案件审理过程中,存在案件事实认定的鉴定结论依赖性及法律责任认定的鉴定结论依赖性。然而,其不利因素是病历资料的客观真实性在现存制度下难以保障,双轨制的鉴定制度还很不完善。建议引入特定场所视听资料对病历真实性进行佐证,加强电子病历真实性的管理与监控,完善鉴定人出庭制度,推行专家辅助人制度及采取专家陪审员制度。

The Problems of and Solutions to Litigation Evidence of Medical Disputes--Rethinking the Model of Medical Record - Identification - Adjudication.

Medical litigation evidences include seven kinds of evidence in the Civil Procedure Law.On the basis of the particularity of medical litigation,China has formed a trial model with medical records,identification and adjudication in its judicial practice.Judges depend more on identification conclusion to identify the facts and liability.The disadvantage of this model is that the objectivity and authenticity of medical records is difficult to be guaranteed under the existing system.The two-track appraisal system is far from perfect.We advise to adopt sitespecific audio-visual materials to prove medical records’ authenticity,to strengthen the management and supervision of objectivity and authenticity of electronic medical records and to improve the system construction of medical expert witness appearing in court to answer questions of the parties and improve the system of expert assistant as well as the expert jury system.