行政管制的精细化和人性化——美国《管制灵活性法》简述

行政管制的政策标准、措施及其执行强调统一性。要求统一性的管制理念,体现了行政公平原则。但是在实践中,同一个管制政策所产生的影响在不同的受管制对象间呈现出非均衡分布。受相关因素制约,小企业和实体往往很难承受高昂的管制成本。管制政策形式上的统一和一致对待,可能引发不公平的结果;管制政策可能成为大企业用来排挤、打击竞争者的工具。因此,管制的统一性必须同时兼顾灵活性,这是行政管制公正性、精细化和人性化的要求。

Regulatory Uniformity and Flexibility

In a general sense,a regulatory policy emphasizes uniformity.The regulatory ideas of uniformity meet the requirement of administrative justice.However,practical observations reveal that a regulatory policy may impose different impacts among regulated bodies,among which small business entities are relatively more difficult to satisfy regulatory standards in comparison with large entities.It is in this sense that regulatory uniformity may be misused and regulatory flexibility need to be addressed.