专家证言、新科学理论与法官角色——以美国法中的Daubert标准为中心

在专家证言的可采性判断标准上,Daubert标准替代＂普遍接受＂标准成为发展方向。Daubert标准在赋予法官很大的自由裁量的同时,也赋予其艰巨的＂守门人＂角色。Daubert标准将决定权中心从专业界移至法官。Daubert标准对多种因素的弹性考量给新科学证据的可采性提供了机遇和可能,但是一切要取决于法官的自由裁量和＂守门人＂职责的履行。

Expert Testimony, Novel Scientific Theories and Judge's Role: take the Daubert Test in United States' Law as the Center

In cases involving expert scientific testimony,, the Daubert test has replaced ＂general acceptance＂ test in the USA, in many ways signalling a break with the previous role of the judge in evaluating scientific evidence. The Daubert test assigns a ′gate-keeping′ role to judges, and broad discretion in the admission of expert evidence. Under Daubert and its progeny, , the centre of power in questions concerning the competence of scientific evidence has moved from experts to judges. The Flexible application of multiple factors in the new test offers opportunities for the admission of novel scientific theories and evidences, depending ultimately on the judges′ discretion and their ′gate-keeping′ role.