行政违反加重犯初探

行政违反加重犯,是指以"行政违反+加重要素"为构造的犯罪;行政违反加重犯的实行行为与犯罪结果,应当根据刑法原理与刑法分则条文的保护法益予以确定和判断;司法解释为了限制处罚范围所附加的定罪条件,不是行政违反加重犯的构成要件要素;不能根据行政违反的过错形式确定行政违反加重犯的罪过形式;行政违反加重犯的成立,不要求行为人现实地认识到行为的违法性,但要求行为人具有违法性认识的可能性;行政许可既可能是阻却构成要件符合性的事由,也可能是阻却违法性的事由;对于使用欺骗等不正当手段获得行政许可的,应根据行政许可的性质判断是否阻却犯罪的成立;对行政违反加重犯的处罚,不得违反禁止双重危险的原则。

A Research on Administrative Violating Aggravation

aggravated administrative offense is a kind of crime with the form of"administrative offense plus elements of aggravation"; the perpetrating act and the consequence of this crime should be judged and confirmed with criminal principles and legal interest which the subprovisions of criminal law aim to protect; the additory conditions for crime construction required by judicial interpretation for restricting the range of punishment are not the part of dements of constructive requirements of aggravated administrative offense. When judging the fault of aggravated administrative offense, the fault of administrative offense should not be taken account of. The illegitimacy of act is not required to be cognized realistically, though the possibility of the cognition of illegitimacy is necessary; administrative license can be judged as either the reason of eliminating constructive requirements qualification or of illegitimacy. When the administrative license is acquired with illegality, e.g. fraud, the nature of the license should be considered to judge if the crime is eliminated or not.